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Tournament. This beautiful sport consisting of two knights medieval spears affixing each other to fall off the horse. Well no, not originally:

Much of the pomp of medieval court life was associated with the tournament. A sports entertainment in which two teams of men performed a mock battle as agreed rules. (Pamela Porter, War medieval manuscripts ).

The aim of this mini-battle was to take prisoners, not to kill anyone, of course. To do this, hits are gave withheld, and seeking the overthrow of the opponent, once fixed was taken prisoner, but as just kidding around! but no, when ransom himself that took him seriously, the loser had to deliver his armor, his horse and give their parole or word of honor to pay a ransom. Put another way, in the world could be the same with the teams up, and now Spain would have no crisis ... well, now that I think better not.

Illustration belongs to Manesse Codex, where it looks like it is I'll get the opponent to take him prisoner.

Despite these conditions, the first time the tournament was some violence, and accidents proliferated, so they were polishing the rules introducing the "courteous weapons" blunt swords, wooden clubs, spears just (a type of wooden spear tip blunt and hollow inside, etc.). In fact, the Frenchman Geoffroy de Preuilly was the author, in the eleventh century the first treaty-regulation on the subject.

The tournament had several parts, the first two teams on horseback charged after crash, and enduring in his chair, turned (turned ) to pursue the contrary, entering in the melee or melee . As in real life, you appreciate the tricks, like trying not to participate would then join the appropriate team by surprise when he was exhausted. There are reports of tournaments before the Carolingian kings in the ninth century in 1100 , mock fighting was popular in France, and when Geoffrey of Monmouth writes History of the Kings of Britain in 1138 are fully bound in England.

But the image we have in mind films like Ivanhoe actually corresponds to the fair, which is a practice somewhat later: in the fourteenth century the fair was a fighting two against two, until the fifteenth century became one on one. In the just loaded the horse contenders in order to break a lance against rival and six times maximum, after which a judge declared the winner the gentleman who had broken lances over (or down to the other gentleman). As a horse heading into another was not without its risks, it's over implementing the toile , which is the wooden barrerite featured in the films. After just starting the battle on foot with weapons polite.

Tournaments and fair were a hugely popular sport in the first place because everything that involved weapons was something like the nobility as entailed in honor and glory, secondly because it was also a business : usually organized a man with several weeks in advance, and by heralds announcing the date, place and site, the organizer was committed to hosting and provisioning to participants. It cost some money, yes, but at the same time, around the arena formed an exhibition that attracted crowds, jugglers, merchants and beggars. Economic activity that was formed was very profitable for any man ... and of course, for the winners in the form of bailouts charged.

Thus, between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries a character like William Marshal be dedicated to live as a knight errant, from tournament to tournament in northern France.

regum In History Anglicarum of William of Neufbourg (XII century) counts as were introduced in England:

... cavalry exercises, ie fighting weapon is commonly called tournaments, began to spread in England, the king [Richard the Lionheart] they wanted and felt a small sum of money (a tax ) of each of those who wanted to fight ...

I said, was a business. Perhaps this is why the Church, which did not get this entertainment noble profession or benefit was determined to convict, with no result. The Councils of Lateran II (1139) and III (1179) were convicted, in 1312 Pope Clement V put in restraining order (could not administer sacraments throughout its territory) to the gentlemen who organized ... all with the effectiveness with unpopular laws: any .

For though some king joined the condemnation of the tournament, usually as noble they were, they could be the bug chivalry. For example, in 1282 the Crown of Aragon and Anjou were vying for control of Sicily, Charles of Anjou raised resolve their differences Aragon to the gentlemanly way through a tournament of a hundred men from each side, in neutral territory under the jurisdiction of Edward I of England in an arena of Bordeaux on June 1st. Very nice. In the end no one came to the rendezvous, which did not prevent them assume each victory by its side. And immediately started to conventional warfare, of course.

But the reason for its success not only in the business they generated or pure ideological issue, also had a practical use. It is often said that in the Middle Ages had no strategy of any kind on the battlefield, and in fact, compared to other armies as the Roman, in the war Medieval appreciated the courage and heroic individual above the group discipline. Something that looks good in novels but in practice it runs the risk of ending in massacres .

However, contrary to what one might think, as a rule the medieval army was very disciplined during the battle, the Syrian Usama XII century Europeans said that " are of all men most cautious in war. "

This was done because over the battle is fought in small groups or conrois , grouped around a standard, many of these tactical units formed a battalion remained in a compact formation, refused the provocations of the enemy and carried in a straight line. But the basis of all was the conrois essentially a group of friends troneos trained. For many young men, the tournament was a pre-war experience that he used to fight in small groups in which they had to keep together to do the jerk and exterminating the entire unit.

Over time they were increasingly sophisticated, even armor is designed exclusively for the fair and from sixteenth century can be said to have a more ritual or spectacle of real combat training. However, even in 1559 the French king, Henry II was killed in a tournament against Gabriel, Earl of Montgomery, held to mark the wedding of his daughter Elizabeth with Philip II of Spain. He was badly wounded by the spear of the count in one eye, and died shortly afterwards. Shit happens.

here is a video of the History Channel (which by the way I am not very fond of, but have a curious little thing.)